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To consider the stage of implementation of main competences and EPHO skills in selected schools of public health in four European countries-France, Poland, Portugal, and the UK.
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The United States has a complex governmental public health system. Agencies at the federal, state, and local levels all contribute to the protection and promotion of the population's health. Whether the modern public health system...
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The United States has a complex governmental public health system. Agencies at the federal, state, and local levels all contribute to the protection and promotion of the population's health. Whether the modern public health system is well situated to deliver essential public health services, however, is an open question. In some part, its readiness relates to how agencies are funded and to what ends. A mix of Federalism, home rule, and happenstance has contributed to a siloed funding system in the United States, whereby health agencies are given particular dollars for particular tasks. Little discretionary funding remains. Furthermore, tracking how much is spent, by whom, and on what is notoriously challenging. This review both outlines the challenges associated with estimating public health spending and explains the known sources of funding that are used to estimate and demonstrate the value of public health spending.
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Background: During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cumulative United States COVID-19 deaths per capita were higher than all other large, high-income nations, but with substantial variation across the country. Obje...
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Background: During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cumulative United States COVID-19 deaths per capita were higher than all other large, high-income nations, but with substantial variation across the country. Objective: The aim was to detail the public health response during the pandemic in Eagle County, Colorado. Research Design and Measures: Observational study using pre-COVID-19 county public health metrics. Pandemic actions were recorded from a narrative summary of daily phone consultations by a county-wide taskforce and interviews. Outcomes obtained from local, state, and nationally reported databases. Methods: Eagle County began with a life expectancy of 85.9, low all-cause age-adjusted death rates equal for both White and Latinx populations, a high household median income, and other prepandemic advantages. It also launched an innovative, independent county-wide taskforce lead by experienced mid-level managers. The taskforce implemented rapid communication of decision consequences, made immediate course corrections without traditional organizational approvals or contradictory political pressures. Results: Eagle County was first in Colorado to obtain Personal Protective Equipment and to establish a drive-through testing facility. The COVID-19 case fatality rate was 0.34%. The sole intensive care unit never reached maximum capacity. By March 2022, Eagle County had administered at least 1 vaccine dose to 100% of the population and 83% were fully vaccinated. Conclusions: It is not possible to directly attribute superior outcomes to either the baseline characteristics of Eagle County or its innovative taskforce design and deployment. Rather this report highlights the potential impact that improving the baseline health status of US citizens and permitting novel problem-solving approaches by local public health officials might have for the next pandemic.
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The quality and timeliness of public health data is a topic of prime concern in this information age. Many epidemiologists, health scientists and researchers in the public health domain have consistently emphasized on the importan...
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The quality and timeliness of public health data is a topic of prime concern in this information age. Many epidemiologists, health scientists and researchers in the public health domain have consistently emphasized on the importance of the need for the right timely data for the right decision-making at the right time. In other words, there is an urgent need to ensure that the right data reaches the right people at the right time. However, this urgent need appears to be misleading and not achievable in the current public health practices and workflow processes. The workflow processes in the current healthcare environments enable data collection to be delayed and only to be captured when the events have already occurred. In this paper, a systematic review of relevant scientific literature was used to not only explore the complexity and uniqueness of public health data, but also explain why improving the quality and timeliness of public health data is a challenging endeavor for many epidemiologists, health scientists and researchers. Recommendations for streamlining the public health workflow processes to support the generation of high-quality and timely public health data were also discussed in the paper.
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We documented lessons learned in the initial design and development of the new Harvard doctor of public health (DrPH) degree, an innovative professional public health doctorate designed to provide advanced education in the field o...
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We documented lessons learned in the initial design and development of the new Harvard doctor of public health (DrPH) degree, an innovative professional public health doctorate designed to provide advanced education in the field of public health. Using data from program documents, personal participation in the development and administration of the degree, and initial students’ results, we present key learnings from this experience and describe the program’s goals and processes. Now entering its fifth year, the new Harvard DrPH program has enrolled about 70 students and graduated its first 2 classes in a program that combines advanced public health study with leadership development and field engagement. Development of this transformational innovation in advanced public health education required creative approaches to competency development and curriculum design, engagement of faculty to become supportive stakeholders, and substantial support for educational administration. Demand for a program of this type is strong. Continuous improvement is ongoing.
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With the growth and complexity of current challenges such as globalization, health threats, and ageing society, financial constraints, and social and health inequalities, amultidisciplinary public health workforce is needed, suppo...
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With the growth and complexity of current challenges such as globalization, health threats, and ageing society, financial constraints, and social and health inequalities, amultidisciplinary public health workforce is needed, supported by new skills and expertise. It has been demonstrated that public health education needs to include a wider range of health related professionals including: managers, health promotion specialists, health economists, lawyers and pharmacists. In the future, public health professionals will increasingly require enhanced communication and leadership skills, as well as a broad, interdisciplinary focus, if they are to truly impact upon the health of the population and compete successfully in today‘s job market. New developments comprise flexible academic programmes, lifelong learning, employability, and accreditation. In Europe‘s current climate of extreme funding constraints, the need for upgrading public health training and education is more important than ever. The broad supportive environment and context for change are in place. By focusing on assessment and evaluation of the current context, coordination and joint efforts to promote competency-based education, and support and growth of new developments, a stronger, more versatile and much needed workforce will be developed.
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Objectives More than 16 000 graduate degrees in public health are awarded annually. Yet only 14% of the governmental public health workforce has formal public health training of any kind, and 8% has a master of public health (MPH)...
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Objectives More than 16 000 graduate degrees in public health are awarded annually. Yet only 14% of the governmental public health workforce has formal public health training of any kind, and 8% has a master of public health (MPH) degree. We characterized the differences among governmental staff members with master's degrees across US health departments. Methods We used data from the 2017 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, a national survey of state and local public health departments (43 669 responses; response rate, 48%). We examined the characteristics of the workforce by educational attainment and compared respondents who had obtained a "terminal" (ie, highest degree obtained) MPH degree with respondents who had obtained a terminal non-public health (non-PH) master's degree. Results Respondents who had a non-PH master's degree were as likely as respondents who had an MPH degree to hold a supervisory role (43% vs 41%;P= .67). We found only 1 significant difference between the 2 groups: respondents aged 收起
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Context: Public health workforce trends demonstrate threats to a vital national resource. The current shortage of public health nurses is due to a variety of factors. One route to addressing the public health nursing shortage is t...
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Context: Public health workforce trends demonstrate threats to a vital national resource. The current shortage of public health nurses is due to a variety of factors. One route to addressing the public health nursing shortage is to increase the level of interest in public health as a career option for nurses. Objective: The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship of nursing education program and field experience characteristics on the level of interest in a public health career among student nurses. Design: Cross-sectional, online surveys of undergraduate student nurses were conducted over 6 semesters to assess the relationship of field practicum characteristics and level of interest in a public health career. Setting: Undergraduate student nurses (N = 882) enrolled in traditional baccalaureate nursing programs (n = 18) and online associate to baccalaureate degree completion programs (n = 2) in one US state participated in the survey after completing the required community or public health coursework and field experiences. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:: Level of interest in a career in public health was measured using a 4-point Likert-type scale anchored by "no interest" and "very strong interest." Results: Overall, 46% of respondents expressed either moderate or strong interest in a future career in public health. Having had a field experience in a local health department was the only type of experience associated with stronger interest in a public health career. Enrollment in baccalaureate completion programs was associated with higher interest, and enrollment in programs located in a region of the state where students were significantly less likely to have field experiences in local health departments was associated with lower interest. CONCLUSION:: Career interests for nurses are developed in part through field experiences while in nursing school. Interest in public health careers may be nurtured through field experiences in local health departments.
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Operation RUMAN was the British government's combined military and humanitarian operations to provide relief to the British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean. This paper provides a short summary of the role played by environme...
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Operation RUMAN was the British government's combined military and humanitarian operations to provide relief to the British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean. This paper provides a short summary of the role played by environmental health during the operation and the importance of environmental health considerations at all stages of disaster management.
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